Macular Degeneration

Lutein and Zeaxanthin are two carotenoids that give corn it’s yellow color and make spinach green are present in the human eye. People with healthy eyes have a lot, and people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)- a leading cause of blindness in older people- have far less. The pigments act as a filter that protects the retina’s underlying tissues from the sun’s blue spectrum rays, which are particularly damaging. It is almost like having internal sunglasses.

AMD usually happens in people over 60 yrs. Other risk factors are family history, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol, blue-eye color and lifetime light exposure. The first signs are blurry vision, straight lines that appear wavy or blind spots in the center of the field of vision. The process is painless but eventually people become legally blind.

Prevention

A diet rich in leafy greens (spinach, collard greens, kale, turnip greens), fruits (cantaloupe, kiwis, orange juice, grapes) and other vegetables (corn, orange bell peppers, yellow squash) appear to be the most important factor in promoting good retinal health. Although you can’t change your genes or stop the aging process you may be able to lower the risk by supplementing your diet with zinc and copper. Lutein and zeaxanthin supplements are available but not recommended

Treatment

In a 2001 study researchers showed a 25% slower progression to advanced AMD in high- risk people with daily supplements of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc and copper. Food sources of vitamin E include wheat germ, vegetable oils, nuts and avocados. Oranges, kiwis and strawberries top the list for vitamin C. Beta-carotene supplementation is not recommended for smokers as it may increase the risk of lung cancer. Food sources include winter squash, sweet potatoes, carrots, and melons.

Take care of your eyes. Get regular eye exams, stop smoking, eat a well balanced diet that is low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables.

ALWAYS discuss supplements with your healthcare provider as they might interact with medications you are already taking.

Donna Tinnerello, MS, RD, CDN
May 2005